Laser Cutting & Engraving: What’s the Difference Between CO₂ and Fiber Lasers?

Laser cutting and engraving have revolutionized the world of design, manufacturing, and personalization. From intricate wedding décor and custom gifts to industrial metalwork, laser technology has made it possible to achieve precision and creativity like never before.

But if you’re new to the world of lasers, you’ve probably come across two main types: CO₂ lasers and fiber lasers. While they both use concentrated light to cut, engrave, or mark materials, they are very different in terms of how they work and what they can do.

Let’s break it down!

What is Laser Cutting & Engraving?

At its core, laser cutting uses a focused beam of light to cut through or engrave the surface of a material. When cutting, the laser passes all the way through the material, leaving behind clean edges. Engraving, on the other hand, removes only a thin layer of material to create marks, patterns, or text on the surface.

Different lasers work better on different materials and applications — and that’s where CO₂ and fiber lasers come in.

CO₂ Lasers: The Creative Workhorse - Our Machine

CO₂ lasers are the most popular lasers for engraving and cutting non-metal materials. They use a gas mixture (mainly carbon dioxide) excited by electricity to produce an infrared laser beam.

Best for:

Wood (MDF, plywood, veneer)

Acrylic and plastics

Leather

Fabric and textiles

Paper and cardboard

Glass (engraving only)

Some coated metals (engraving only)

Main advantages:

Excellent for organic materials

Smooth, clean cuts on wood and acrylic

Affordable entry-level machines available

Versatile for hobbyists, crafters, and small businesses

Limitations:

Can’t cut metals (only mark coated metals or anodized aluminum)

Requires regular maintenance (mirrors, lenses, CO₂ tube)

Fiber Lasers: The Industrial Powerhouse

Fiber lasers use a completely different technology — they generate a laser beam through optical fibers doped with rare-earth elements, making them highly efficient and powerful.

Best for:

Metals (stainless steel, brass, copper, aluminum)

Industrial plastics

Some ceramics

Main advantages:

Cuts and engraves metals with ease

High-speed marking and engraving

Low maintenance, long-lasting laser source

More compact and energy-efficient

Limitations:

Not suitable for cutting organic materials like wood or acrylic

Higher upfront investment compared to CO₂ lasers

Final Thoughts

Both CO₂ and fiber lasers have their own strengths, and in some workshops, you’ll even find both running side by side! The key is to understand your materials, your goals, and the kind of work you want to do.

As laser technology keeps evolving, it’s opening up exciting new possibilities for creators, makers, and manufacturers alike.